9, No. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. The only book-length study of Scharnhorsts legacy in English, Charles Edward Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militrische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, offers sizable extracts out of his writings. The second and third turbines were restarted at 15:55 and 16:01, respectively, which permitted a speed of 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph). Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. Ltjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed U-boats to attack. Sorry! The 15 Halifaxes attacked Scharnhorst at her moorings. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Friedrich Scharnhorst (35136105)? The curriculum at the military academy, as Bruce Gudmundsson writes in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. The water was quickly drained from turret Bruno's magazine. A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. Only the centerline shaft was operational, which permitted a speed of only 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). Forced to take refuge in the furthest corner of his state, the city of Kningberg in East Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm finally embraced a far-reaching reform agenda. Verify and try again. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Neustadt and beyond. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. In early April, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to Bear Island in the Arctic Ocean. Florence was born on February 21 1895, in Illinois, USA. It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. HMS Jamaica var en ltt kryssare av Fiji-klass i Royal Navy som frdigstlldes under andra vrldskriget.Hon var uppkallad efter den brittiska kolonin Jamaica.Fartyget tillbringade nstan hela sin krigskarrir i arktiska konvojer, med undantag fr en insats sderut fr landstigningarna i Nordafrika i november 1942. Half an hour later, Scharnhorst's loudspeakers called the crew to battle stations in preparation for the attack. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst had to swallow a bitter pill. The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by KzS Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann. Ltjens' orders prohibited him from engaging Allied capital ships, and so the attack was called off. Instead, Austria and other smaller German states joined the fight in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in 1814. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. The next day, Scharnhorst left Stavanger for Kiel, where repairs were carried out, lasting some six months. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. The views expressed are her own and do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst's entrance to Wilhelmshaven. This account has been disabled. [21] The purpose of the sortie was to interrupt Allied efforts to resupply the Norwegians and to relieve the pressure on German troops fighting in Norway. During the Battle of the North Cape (26 December 1943), the Royal Navy battleship HMSDuke of York and her escorts sank Scharnhorst. [34] He instead turned toward the mid-Atlantic, where Scharnhorst sank the Greek cargo ship Marathon. Repairs were quickly completed, and on 22 January 1941, the two ships, under the command of Admiral Gnther Ltjens, left port for the North Atlantic. [4], At her commissioning, Scharnhorst was commanded by Kapitn zur See (KzS) Otto Ciliax. This browser does not support getting your location. Scharnhorst), Circa 1719 - Hannverschen, Bremen, Prussia, Mar 28 1752 - Eggestedt, Lesum Parish, Bremen, Prussia, Becke Margrethe Gloistein (born Scharnhorst), Eggestedt, Schwanewede, Osterholz, Lower Saxony, Germany, Death of Friedrich Ludewig Scharnhorst at Eggestedt. Friedrich Armand Strubberg: Carl Scharnhorst. [73] One torpedo exploded abreast of turret Bruno, which caused it to jam. [1] But this is far from a comprehensive representation of an intellect that played such a crucial role in the modern philosophy of war. The torpedo hit caused serious damage; it tore a hole 14 by 6m (15.3 by 6.6yd) and allowed 2,500t (2,500 long tons; 2,800 short tons) of water into the ship. [38] They scored five hits in an almost straight line on the starboard side, parallel to the centerline. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. [18] Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 235. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40mm (0.79 to 1.57in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105mm (4.1in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. A system error has occurred. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. In English John T. Kuehn offers a concise discussion of Scharnhorsts reforms, see John T. Kuehn, Napoleonic Warfare: The Operational Art of the Great Campaigns (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2015), 174-176. While the damage was being repaired, a new radar system was installed aft, the power output for the forward radar was increased to 100kW, and the 53.3cm torpedo tubes were installed. For the latter requires judgement, which is developed through repeated study of military incidents, and a great amount of past facts that we have to keep in mind. Friedrich Wilhelm did not appoint him as the commander of the main Prussian Army fighting Napoleon in Silesia. Age: 43 years old. Reorganisation by Carl Rchling (Wikimedia). You can always change this later in your Account settings. Follow the logo below, and you too can contribute toThe Bridge: Enjoy what you just read? [64], An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening Scharnhorst, which remained 10nmi (19km; 12mi) behind. However, infection subsequently developed, and, on June 28 in Prague, he unexpectedly died. According to Clausewitz, Scharnhorst was one of the first to realize that most of the key technological and tactical changes were present before the French Revolution; it was the political upheaval that multiplied their destructive capacities. Both were driven off by anti-aircraft fire and fighters. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. Scharnhorst took on a list of one degree and was down by the bows by a meter. Failed to remove flower. In his first year, Lieutenant Clausewitz almost failed the course, for his formal education was rather spotty as he had left school before the age of twelve to participate as a boy-soldier in the First Revolutionary War. Scharnhorst displaced 32,100 long tons (32,600t) at standard displacement and 38,100 long tons (38,700t) at full load. MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. The explosion tore a large gash in the side of the hull and allowed 1,220t (1,200 long tons; 1,340 short tons) of water into the ship, flooding 30 watertight spaces within five main watertight compartments. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1900 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Vanya Eftimova Bellinger and The Strategy Bridge would like to thank Air Universitys Muir S.Fairchild Research Information Center for its support for this project. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. [15] During the brief engagement, Rawalpindi managed to score a hit on Scharnhorst, which caused minor splinter damage. More on Tiedemann, see Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 186-188 and 225, and Vanya Eftimova Bellinger, Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of ON WAR (New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2015), 127-128. The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. Bismarck had been sunk on 27 May. Scharnhorst then turned again and increased speed, in the hopes of escaping the cruisers and finding the convoy. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. Bruce Gudmundsson. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. Richard married Florence Scharnhorst (born 'Scharnhorst') . These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. [74] Fraser then ordered Jamaica and Belfast to move into range and finish the crippled ship off with torpedoes. Yet, he is primarily known as a teacher and mentor to the Wests most influential strategic thinker, Carl von Clausewitzespecially among those less versed in German language and history. Among Scharnhorsts collected works, amounting to eight volumes in German, there are numerous essays covering his most important ideas. Vice-Admiral Friedrich Huffmeier , a former captain of the German battlecruiser 'Scharnhorst', presents a picture to Rear-Admiral Morgan. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. [12], To fulfill his reform agenda, Scharnhorst surrounded himself with a group of talented officers, some of them his former students. [15] Scharnhorst was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and while in dock, her boilers were overhauled. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. [35] Throughout the operation, Scharnhorst had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. [12] Krmper was the Prussian Armys term for retired or former soldier. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Admiral Wilhelm Marschall, aboard Gneisenau, ordered Scharnhorst to pick up survivors. On 13 June, Ark Royal launched fifteen Skua dive bombers; German fighters intercepted the attackers and shot eight of them down. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. 9, No. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. We have set your language to As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen . Mobile number (517) 944-0346 . [59], With the rapidly deteriorating military situation for the German Army on the Eastern Front, it became increasingly important to interrupt the flow of supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. ", At 18:42, Duke of York ceased fire, having fired 52 salvos and having scored at least 13 hits, but Scharnhorst was pulling away. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. The mine briefly knocked out the power system and temporarily disabled the rudders. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. Berlins cultural and military elite did not welcome him warmly. [63], Scharnhorst and her five destroyers left port at around 19:00 and were in the open sea four hours later. ADS VIEW EMAIL ADDRESSES . The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. The other seven made it past the air defenses and attacked Scharnhorst, but only scored one hit, and the bomb failed to detonate. Scharnhorst's forward turret was put out of action by severe flooding. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. Estorff displayed a different approach than Count Willem, for he believed wars ravages should be kept as far as possible from the homeland. The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. [65] At 08:40, Belfast picked up Scharnhorst on her radar. The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. 1 (2018): 38. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Scharnhorst returned to Germany, and was repaired at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. 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