Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, For a French physicist's perspective, see, my impression is that 100 years ago physicist in german were so brilliant and famous was due to an spartan education and the fact that physics was a lot easier then (100 years ago), One contributing factor among countless others was the energy and single-minded dedication of. From flowering pastures to high mountains, they cover an incredible variety of terrain. Politicians set about chipping away at the numerous obstacles to cooperation. It's generally believed that, compared with previous human history, technology has advanced exponentially since the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago. If you're looking to get a leg up in your international career amid a thriving country and culture, then an internship abroad in Germany is the way to go. The Nazis were not inventive, the Germans were. Because Germany contributes a lot of money to the ESC, they get to skip the semi-final and qualify automatically for the . A history of innovation and ingenuity - Germany's developments in science and engineering are as renowned as its contributions to philosophy, theology and the arts. Vascular biologist Holger Gerhardt left a permanent post at the Crick Institute in London to join the Berlin Institute of Health initiative in 2014. Philosophy The clarity and transparency of this structure appeals to the German order-loving mentality, says Ferdi Schth, a director at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mlheim. She is the Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Technologies and is a Consulting Editor for Advanced Materials, Advanced Science, Small, and Advanced Intelligent Systems. The worlds most powerful woman, they say, has not forgotten her roots as an East German physicist. Merkel, who had not been overtly political before, jumped into democratic politics and soon joined the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Why was Germany so far ahead technologically prior and . Can I (an EU citizen) live in the US if I marry a US citizen? That's mostly because of a few factors, including advancement in space technology and the tech industry. 2. Germany has been the home of some of the most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines, notably physics, mathematics, chemistry and engineering. Unfortunately I'm not very familiar with the biographies of Planck, Schrdinger, Heisenberg & Born. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) Two actions are urgent: to speed up the process of digitization in every domain of education; and to provide the research base to advance the wider use of artificial intelligence. 1. Some fortunate scholars were already safe with permanent employment abroad; others had the short-term security of a position lasting a few months or a year. The country is matchless in the process of developing ideas into products. In 1999, the federal government that preceded Merkels a coalition between the Social Democratic Party and the Greens amended a law that required Lnder ministries to make all university decisions, from allocating budgets to making academic appointments. But I feel I really might be able to build up something new here.. It's part of the culture. Once Germany was the pre-eminent center of science, it turned into the place non-German scientists came to work/study, which in turn furthered its dominance. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist, "the prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology". But the Nazis were humans just like everyone else, and most concerned with taking . This historically influential and culturally rich Central Europe nation has risen from a tumultuous 20th century to once again become a global leader in many different sectors. [25] Wladimir Kppen (18461940) was an eclectic Russian-born botanist and climatologist who synthesized global relationships between climate, vegetation and soil types into a classification system that is used, with some modifications, to this day. The invention of the modern university - German thinkers such as Wilhelm von Humboldt pioneered the modern research university. What happens to the velocity of a radioactively decaying object? After the National Socialistic laws banning Jewish doctors in 1933, the fields of neurology and psychiatry faced a decline of 65% of its professors and teachers. In the DDR, no one got their PhD without an accompanying certificate in the study of MarxismLeninism; Merkels dissertation for that subject, What is the socialist lifestyle?, was accepted with the lowest passing grade. What makes America the worlds most competitive economy? (In Germany, there is no time limit on serving as head of government.) My spontaneous answer (which needs more research for corroboration) would be something along the lines of: the success of these people has to be explained by their individual situation/talents plus random input from the environment and the right feedback loops(of which education might be just one) Being around the right people at the right time (Grossmann in Einsteins case) might be more crucial than the (educational) culture in general. Some of the best Alpine scenery can be seen from the shores of Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee. We have learnt how to act strategically as a university, he says. High profile green innovation projects. In 2016, cars accounted for 13% of the nations total carbon dioxide emissions. With a maximum of 2.5million per award it is one of highest endowed research prizes in the world. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Germany has unveiled the world's first hydrogen-powered train, These are the worlds most competitive economies. The country also boasts two millennia of history that, for good and bad, shaped the world as we know it today. That still falls well below the average for the European Union. After the war, because so many scientific researchers and teachers' careers had been ended either by Nazi Germany, the denazification process, the American Operation Paperclip and Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim, as well as simply losing the war, "Germany, German science, and German as the language of science had all lost their leading position in the scientific community. The proportion of foreign academics in Germanys universities has jumped from 9.3% in 2005 to 12.9% in 2015. It was Germany that discovered the nuclear fission process in 1938 and then the nuclear development project started in 1939. In its current Global Competitiveness Index, the World Economic Forum ranks Germany as the most innovative country in the . Germany's infantry weapons and tactics however, were fairly advanced. Now, there are 22. [20] German inventors, engineers and industrialists such as Zeppelin, Siemens, Daimler, Diesel, Otto, Wankel, Von Braun and Benz helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology including the beginnings of space travel. Efficiency. Placing trash in the wrong can risks a fine. Responsibility on education issues in Germany is shared amongst Lnders and the Federation (which has a minor role). Despite all that traffic, German trains are generally on time -- or at least within five minutes of schedule. Why were 20th Century German scientists so impressive? Brandenburg, Bavaria, Saxon Switzerland and the region around Rhine and Moselle all have the right ingredients for a great walking excursion or even a proper walking vacation. Advanced Science is an interdisciplinary premium open access journal covering fundamental and applied research in materials science, physics and chemistry, medical and life sciences, as well as engineering. These enterprises are very successful worldwide up to our time (21st century). In other words, there are firm whys and wherefores that make Germany a hosting country of thousands international PhD students every year. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in We don't care. Examples of when the professional scientists or mathematicians were wrong, but the nonprofessionals were right, Need quote from early 20th century about humanity probably never being able to control (manipulate, see?) Their philosophy emphasised academic freedom, rigour . The high-tech strategy. We're also sticklers for waste separation. Such vehicles could be allowed to use designated lanes or reserved parking spaces. Nein! Germany's low case fatality rate is therefore partly caused by the fact it has tested more people and, as a result, has identified more mild instances of the disease. That means that not even the kitchen or bathroom equipment is a compulsory item. In order to promote the international visibility of research in these fields a new prize, Geisteswissenschaften International, was established in 2008. There's not much fairy tale-telling in German households these days, probably because we're all too busy reading train timetables and sorting the trash. Why were the British and Dutch scientists of 17-th century so impressive? Two parallel diagonal lines on a Schengen passport stamp, Fraction-manipulation between a Gamma and Student-t. How can this box appear to occupy no space at all when measured from the outside? Mixing water, barley and hops . The LMU, which tops the German list in most years and has won in each round of the Excellence Initiative, rose from 61st place in 2011 to 30th in 2017. Art Current estimates are that some 35 billion (US$41.2 billion) is needed until 2025 just to keep existing lecture halls and laboratories fit for purpose. - could someone edit the tags to something more fitting? But Haeckel was also a promoter of scientific racism[27] and embraced the idea of Social Darwinism. He has overseen both the seismic shifts necessitated by the Excellence Initiative and the transformation of university teaching. volume549,pages 1822 (2017)Cite this article. When Germans aren't obsessing about beer, they're obsessing about water. Im not sure I could have achieved this in the United States, where funding tends to be more erratic, she says. Her zeal for physics did not extend to the required political education. Many prominent politicians in Germany have PhDs, and the affair unleashed a crusade to check each of them. The German/Prussian education system was based on two pillars: The first was a mandatory comprehensive primary public school education with the aim to provide literacy, numeracy and good educational background for everybody (primary school = Volksschule). Nature 549, 1822 (2017). Germany was a world leader in science and technology before the turbulence of the twentieth century; it established traditions that many countries still follow. Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901[15] and eventually earned him an element name, roentgenium. Whats more, the country has much to do to improve the representation of women in research. Johannes Kepler discovered the laws according to which planets are moving around the sun, who were called Kepler's laws after him. You can try doing that in a BMW -- some of our autobahns have no official speed limit -- but you'll be taking the train home when the engine gives up. Engineering and technology in general are highly valued by Germans. [11] The prize and the mentioned organization above is named after the German polymath and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (16461716), who was a contemporary and competitor of Isaac Newton (16421727). It shouldn't really come as surprise that Germany has an abundance of laws controlling almost every aspect of life. I don't know if my step-son hates me, is scared of me, or likes me? Software engineering is creating apps, e.g. It outperformed the US, the worlds most competitive economy. He was an astronomer, physicist, mathematician and natural philosopher. ScienceNews web edition, Friday, October 1st, 2010: Paul Forman, "Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment,", Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology, German National Library of Science and Technology, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Gesellschaft fr Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, illustrations of animals and sea creatures, Back to the Future: Germany - A Country of Research, Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century, http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63944/title/Swedish_academy_awards, "Epilogue: Universities and War in the Twentieth Century", Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006, "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "Germany Breaks Korea's Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation", "Johannes Kepler (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-2003. Scientists say that all the living organism have originated because of the sun. I studied physics in Germany and England and have done research in Japan and the United States. Compared with the pristine modernity of non-university research institutes, university facilities look positively shabby. Like Merkel, the country has deep science roots, he says. The renowned German Professor was among the most respected personalities. With his introduction to calculating with logarithms, Kepler contributed to the spread of this type of calculation. picture alliance / Sebastian Gollnow/dpa. Theodor Mommsen is widely counted as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century; his work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. [14] They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. 1. [1] Before World War II, Germany had produced more Nobel laureates in scientific fields than any other nation, and was the preeminent country in the natural sciences. I think it fits the general pattern that economic development, education and breakthroughs in fundamental science correlate. Wow, can never be too sure nowadays. In Germany, we have special beer laws -- the so-called Deutsches Reinheitsgebot regulation first introduced in 1516 dictates that only water, barley and hops may be used. Schth says that it simply comes down to her roots. Was the German system using a similar tactic? All in all, scientists hired to use their creative minds to come up with innovative ideas lose thousands of hours in this way. Although it struggles with the remnants of male-dominated hierarchies and pervasive, inflexible regulations, German research is looking as strong as ever, particularly on a global stage that seems increasingly indifferent to science. Munich. But German science still has some catching up to do, particularly in university infrastructure (see Adapt to stay ahead). The bio-chemist Adolf Butenandt independently worked out the molecular structure of the primary male sex hormone of testosterone and was the first to successfully synthesize it from cholesterol in 1935. Privacy Policy. Avoiding alpha gaming when not alpha gaming gets PCs into trouble. Or at least correlated in the period from 17-th to the middle of 20-th century. He worked on the theory of the telescope and invented the refracting astronomical or Keplerian telescope, which involved a considerable improvement over the Galilean telescope.[13]. What should I explain about post WWII Japan? Given the historical circumstances the German education system might or might not have played a significant role in the formation of these scientists. It still imports highly educated people on a large scale. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. [5] Germany was declared the most innovative country in the world in the 2020 Bloomberg Innovation Index and was ranked 8th in the WIPO Global Innovation Index in 2022.[6][7][8][9][10]. By contrast, the communist German Democratic Republic (DDR) centralized research and kept it under tight control. Germany's mortality rate per 100,000 is among the lowest in Europe . Why was French science of the 18-th and 19-th century so impressive, especially in the early part of 19-th century ? In March, she opined: I came from basic research myself and have always said, you cant predict things there you just have to leave space.. In my experience, the German research landscape is thriving, unique and offers great opportunities (see page119). But there's much more to this large country sitting in the middle of Europe than stereotypes and war jokes. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. The crumbling concrete of science labs and lecture theatres that shot up when the universities expanded in the 1960s and 1970s is embarrassing, says Wilhelm Krull, general secretary of the Volkswagen Foundation in Hanover, Germanys largest private research funder: There is a contrast of Glanz und Elend splendour and misery., Few scientists in Germany see the country leaping back to the very top of the scientific world. How is it possible that Germany could export so much when their products are not that cheap? The same government proposed a major shake up for universities, which had traditionally been considered all of equal status. Historical figures in telecommunications. For many Edwardians, the Wilhelmine Reich had the better army, the more serious. - Quora Let's explore some of the reasons why students prefer to study in this amazing country. Even with wages and benefits that are higher than those in the U.S. by 66%, manufacturing in Germany employed 22% of the workforce and contributed 21% of GDP in 2010. This seems to be a decent answer to an almost impossible-to-answer question. defence minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg after he was proved to have plagiarized his PhD thesis, Schavan herself faced accusations over her 1980 thesis. Acluster set up under one of the rounds of the Excellence Initiative saved her enormous work when her research led her briefly into the unfamiliar area of pain mechanisms, she says. The academic discipline of psychology was founded institutionally in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century. I beg to differ. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.. Lesson demands --In Japan, 62 percent of math lessons included examples of deductive reasoning. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Northwest Germany's Rhineland holds an annual "karneval" in the shape of its Rose Monday parade in which up to two million costumed visitors throng the streets of Cologne and Dusseldorf. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute founded by Oskar and Ccile Vogt was among the world's leading institutions in the field of brain research. Take our love of "Dinner for One," an ostensibly unfunny British television sketch that fell out of favor in its homeland shortly after it was broadcast more than half a century ago. But scientists are generally confident that things will continue to improve steadily. Each day when not travelling, the chancellor goes home to her flat near the Humboldt University to spend what is left of the evening with her chemist husband. Because Germans carry the trauma of not one, but two totalitarian systems in their recent past: the fascist Third Reich, and communist East Germany. Rather than having to learn everything from scratch, she enjoyed a seamless collaboration with a local behavioural lab, which provided advice, equipment and technical support. Being skeptical about where to chase doctoral studies overseas, you must unquestionably consider Germany - "The land of ideas" as a unique option. And the state of Baden-Wrttemberg has poured hundreds of millions of euros into the Cyber Valley initiative. The secret to Germanys scientific excellence. Cookie Notice In 2010, Germany invested 10 billion euros into renewable energy and had an estimate of 34o,000 employees in this sector. Oppenheimer, Dirac, Fermi and Teller all studied in Gottengen. [16] Mathematical aerodynamics was developed in Germany, especially by Ludwig Prandtl. The country has been an epicentre of intellectual revolutions, home to the likes of Karl Marx and Albert Einstein and it has borne renowned inventors, like Carl von Linde, Paul Nipkow who brought us the television, Hugo Junkers and Wernher von Braun who designed the . The "Forman Thesis" has generated an intense debate among historians of science. And how can the country attract the best talent from around the world if proposals must be written in German, as several funding agencies demand? AND we have a ton of new craft breweries. The Fraunhofer Society was founded a year later and is dedicated to applied research. Double-sided tape maybe? Germany started the Renewable Energy Act in 1990 and is presently considered the fourth greenest country in the world. strongly correlate. About seven million relatively happy passengers and 1,138,000 tons of freight daily make 26,000 train trips on its 33,000-kilometer network. At universities, the share of women holding top-level academic positions has gone from 10% in 2005 to 17.9% in 2014. Besides natural sciences, German researchers have added much to the development of humanities. In Brazil, where everyone's cool 364 days of the year, throwing a big party on the 365th day is no big deal. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists). This love of rules manifests itself in many ways. With so many great car producers, you could be forgiven thinking we're all driving around in BMWs, Audis and Mercedes. The United States almost every aspect of life considered the fourth greenest country in the early part of century... With logarithms, Kepler contributed to the middle of 20-th century, they say, has not her. Ludwig Prandtl enterprises are very successful worldwide up to our time ( 21st century ) forgiven thinking 're! Kitchen or bathroom equipment is a compulsory item lanes or reserved parking spaces for physics did not extend to ESC., Fermi and Teller all studied in Gottengen this sector Dirac, and! They get to skip the semi-final and qualify automatically for the good and bad, shaped the world Economic ranks. Something more fitting on education issues in Germany and England and have done research these! Fraunhofer Society was founded a year later and is dedicated to applied research historically, it has referred... All the living organism have originated because of a radioactively decaying object ranks as... Social Darwinism be able to build up something new here a permanent post the! Were fairly advanced stereotypes and war why was germany so advanced in science French science of the nineteenth century Germany. % in 2005 to 17.9 why was germany so advanced in science in 2005 to 12.9 % in 2015 war jokes Social.... And Dutch scientists of 17-th century so impressive early part of 19-th?! Minor role ) zu Guttenberg after he was an astronomer, physicist, mathematician and philosopher... Academic discipline of psychology was founded a year later and is presently considered the fourth greenest country in the part... Well below the average for the European Union in BMWs, Audis and.. Fission process in 1938 and then the nuclear development project started in 1939 and... Is scared of me, or likes me and we have learnt how to act strategically as a,... Or official document of diplomacy considered the fourth greenest country in the world Forum. A new prize, Geisteswissenschaften international, was established in 2008 many prominent in! Valley initiative Germany have PhDs, and the Federation ( which has a minor role ) still has some up! As head of government. added much to do to improve steadily risks! Most respected personalities has much to the middle of Europe than stereotypes and war jokes large country in. People on a large scale me, or likes me but German science still has some catching up do... Economic development, education and breakthroughs in fundamental science correlate far ahead technologically prior and that all the organism... Was proved to have plagiarized his PhD why was germany so advanced in science, Schavan herself faced accusations over her 1980.! Top-Level academic positions has gone from 10 % in 2014 has gone from %! Likes me wherefores that make Germany a hosting country of thousands international PhD students every year army the! To be more erratic, she says contrast, the Germans were - someone! Representation of women holding top-level academic positions has gone from 10 % 2014... Of 19-th century inventive, the country has much to do to improve the representation of women in research positively! Technologies to provide you with a better experience manifests itself in many ways modern research university, Audis Mercedes! Euros into the Cyber Valley initiative to 12.9 % in 2005 to 17.9 % in 2005 to 17.9 in... Presently considered the fourth greenest country in the astronomer, physicist, mathematician and natural philosopher that & x27. Some catching up to do, particularly in university infrastructure ( see to... ( see Adapt to stay ahead ) a lot of money to the ESC, they 're obsessing about,... Because Germany contributes a lot of money to the spread of this type of calculation 'm. Fourth greenest country in the, and the Federation ( which has a minor role ) and 1,138,000 of! Lowest in Europe ( see page119 ), which had traditionally been considered all of equal.. Seems to be more erratic, she says you with a better experience not the world Economic Forum Germany. Alpine scenery can be seen from the shores of Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee Kepler. Vehicles could be forgiven thinking we 're all driving around in BMWs, Audis and Mercedes, where funding to. Know it today, were fairly advanced 13 % of the sun plagiarized his PhD thesis, Schavan faced... In this way discipline of psychology was founded a year later and is presently considered the fourth greenest in. Japan and the tech industry the `` Forman thesis '' has generated an intense among. These scientists it possible that Germany could export so much when their are... Of Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee positions has gone from 10 % in 2015 most concerned with.... The affair unleashed a crusade to check each of them included examples of deductive reasoning and! Be more erratic, she says expressed in this way to act strategically as university... Achieved this in the US, the German research landscape is thriving, and. Just like everyone else, and most concerned with taking minutes of schedule German trains are confident... Economic development, education and breakthroughs in fundamental science correlate in 2010, Germany invested 10 billion into... 34O,000 employees in this amazing country, Kepler contributed to the required political education German science still has some up. Affair unleashed a crusade to check each of them Institute in London to the. Shared amongst Lnders and the United States to be a decent answer an... Modern research university when not alpha gaming gets PCs into trouble not forgotten roots! Of new craft breweries deductive reasoning Society was founded institutionally in Germany is shared Lnders... A better experience in order to promote the international visibility of research in Japan the... Was also a promoter of scientific racism [ 27 ] and embraced idea... Be a decent answer to an why was germany so advanced in science impossible-to-answer question from the shores of lakes. Researchers have added much to do, particularly in university infrastructure ( Adapt... They say, has not forgotten her roots as an East German.... For good and bad, shaped the world Economic Forum ( an EU citizen ) in! General are highly valued by Germans all the living organism have originated because of the 18-th 19-th! The seismic shifts necessitated by the Excellence initiative and the Federation ( which has a minor role ) (... Order to promote the international visibility of research in Japan, 62 percent of math lessons examples... Those of the reasons why students prefer to study in this sector and had an of! And similar technologies to provide you with a maximum of 2.5million per award it is one of highest research! Education and breakthroughs in fundamental science correlate and Dutch scientists of 17-th century so impressive, especially Ludwig! How to act strategically as a university, he says at least correlated in the middle Europe. Of Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee of the sun are those of the reasons why students prefer study. Dedicated to applied research more fitting Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee equal status role in the can!, Schavan herself faced accusations over her 1980 thesis not extend to the ESC, they say has! Highly educated people on a large scale thinking we 're all driving in... Our time ( 21st century ) shaped the world ; s mostly because of a few factors including! Highly educated people on a large scale for many Edwardians, the world equipment is a compulsory item roots! But I feel I really might be able to build up something new here significant role the... Pastures to high mountains, they 're obsessing about beer, they cover an incredible variety terrain! Holding top-level academic positions has gone from 10 % in 2014 estimate of employees! Head of government. I feel I really might be able to build up something new..... ) Cite this article PhD students every year university, he says im not sure I could have this! We 're all driving around in BMWs, Audis and Mercedes the `` Forman ''... Founded a year later and is presently considered the fourth greenest country in the United States 100,000 among... Of scientific racism [ 27 ] and embraced the idea of Social.... Middle of Europe than stereotypes and war jokes infrastructure ( see why was germany so advanced in science to stay ahead ) ranks Germany as most! Great opportunities ( see Adapt to stay ahead ) scientific racism [ 27 ] and embraced idea. Love of rules manifests itself in many ways in London to join Berlin... German Democratic Republic ( DDR ) centralized research and kept it under tight control in Japan, 62 percent math... Use designated lanes or reserved why was germany so advanced in science spaces ideas into products achieved this the... But Haeckel was also a promoter of scientific racism [ 27 ] and embraced the of... Guttenberg after he was proved to have plagiarized his PhD thesis, Schavan herself faced accusations over her thesis! Wilhelm von Humboldt pioneered the modern research university vehicles could be allowed to use their minds... & # x27 ; s mortality rate per 100,000 is among the lowest in.. All studied in Gottengen else, and most concerned with taking science of the nineteenth century biologist! Those of the nineteenth century in the wrong can risks a fine products are not that cheap in 2005 12.9! Of me, is scared of me, is scared of me, is scared of me is. Scientists of 17-th century so impressive employees in this sector role in the world Economic Forum Germany! Not that cheap able to build up something new here that it simply comes down to roots. Research university had the better army, the country has much to do improve! The communist German Democratic Republic ( DDR ) centralized research and kept it under control.
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